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David B. Badesch, Victor F. Tapson, Michael D. McGoon, Bruce H. Brundage, Lewis J. Rubin, Fredrick M. Wigley, Stuart Rich, Robyn J. Barst, Pamela S. Barrett, Kenneth M. Kral, Maria M. Jöbsis, James E. Loyd, Srinivas Murali, Adaani Frost, Reda Girgis, Robert C. Bourge, David D. Ralph, C. Gregory Elliott, Nicholas S. Hill, David Langleben, Robert J. Schilz, Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Ivan M. Robbins, Bertron M. Groves, Shelley Shapiro, Thomas A. Medsger, Jr., Sean P. Gaine, Evelyn Horn, James C. Decker, Katharine Knobil; Continuous Intravenous Epoprostenol for Pulmonary Hypertension Due to the Scleroderma Spectrum of DiseaseA Randomized, Controlled Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000 Mar;132(6):425-434.

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Articles | 21 March 2000

Continuous Intravenous Epoprostenol for Pulmonary Hypertension Due to the Scleroderma Spectrum of Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

David B. Badesch, MD; Victor F. Tapson, MD; Michael D. McGoon, MD; Bruce H. Brundage, MD; Lewis J. Rubin, MD; Fredrick M. Wigley, MD; Stuart Rich, MD; Robyn J. Barst, MD; Pamela S. Barrett, PharmD; Kenneth M. Kral, MS; Maria M. Jöbsis, BA; James E. Loyd, MD; Srinivas Murali, MD; Adaani Frost, MD; Reda Girgis, MB, BCh; Robert C. Bourge, MD; David D. Ralph, MD; C. Gregory Elliott, MD; Nicholas S. Hill, MD; David Langleben, MD; Robert J. Schilz, DO, PhD; Vallerie V. McLaughlin, MD; Ivan M. Robbins, MD; Bertron M. Groves, MD; Shelley Shapiro, MD, PhD; Thomas A. Medsger Jr., MD; Sean P. Gaine, MB, BCh; Evelyn Horn, MD; James C. Decker, MS; and Katharine Knobil, MD

[+] Article and Author Information

From University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Rush-Presbyterian Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York; Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.

Presented at the 71st Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, 11 November 1998, Dallas, Texas, and published in abstract form (Circulation. 1998; Suppl 1:I614). The rheumatologic outcomes of the study were presented at the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, 10 November 1998, San Diego, California, and were published in abstract form (Arthritis Rheum. 1998; 41[Suppl]:A1243).

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the members of the Data Safety Monitoring Board, study coordinators, study monitors, and pharmacists who participated in this trial.

Grant Support: By Glaxo Wellcome, Inc. Drs. Badesch, Tapson, McGoon, Brundage, and Rubin served on the Steering Committee for the Development of Epoprostenol in Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension and were paid consultants to Glaxo Wellcome, Inc. Dr. Wigley was also a paid consultant to Glaxo Wellcome, Inc.

Requests for Single Reprints: David B. Badesch, MD, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Division of Pulmonology, C272, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262; e-mail, David.Badesch@UCHSC.edu.

Requests To Purchase Bulk Reprints (minimum, 100 copies): the Reprints Coordinator; phone, 215-351-2657; e-mail, reprints@mail.acponline.org.

Current Author Addresses: Dr. Badesch: Division of Pulmonology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, C272, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262.

Dr. Tapson: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMN Box 31175, Durham, NC 27710.

Dr. McGoon: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905.

Dr. Brundage: Bend Memorial Clinic, 1501 NE Medical Center Drive, Bend, OR 97701.

Dr. Rubin: University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 200 West Arbor Drive, Westwing Room 135, San Diego, CA 92103.

Dr. Wigley: Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Room 1059 South, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Dr. Rich: Section of Cardiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 945, Chicago, IL 60612.

Dr. Barst: Babies Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, Pediatric-Cardiology Center BH-2 North, Room 262, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY 10032.

Dr. Barrett, Mr. Kral, Ms. Jöbsis, Mr. Decker, and Dr. Knobil: Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

Drs. Loyd and Robbins: Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room T-1217 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650.

Dr. Murali: Transplantation Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 556 Scaife Hall, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Dr. Frost: Pulmonary Section, Lung Transplant Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin Smith Tower, Suite 1236, Houston, TX 77030.

Dr. Girgis: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Harper Hospital, 3-Hudson, 3990 John R, Detroit, MI 48201.

Dr. Bourge: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama, 1900 University Boulevard, 321-M Tinsley Harrison Tower, Birmingham, AL 35294.

Dr. Ralph: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195-6522.

Dr. Elliott: Pulmonary Division, LDS Hospital, Ninth Avenue and C Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84143.

Dr. Hill: Pulmonary Division, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903.

Dr. Langleben: Jewish General Hospital, Room E-258, 3755 chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.

Dr. Schilz: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195.

Dr. McLaughlin: Section of Cardiology, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 020, Chicago, IL 60612.

Dr. Groves: Division of Cardiology, B132, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4300 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262.

Dr. Shapiro: Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509.

Dr. Medsger: University of Pittsburgh, 502 Kaufmann Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Dr. Gaine: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Room 800, Baltimore, MD 21201.

Dr. Horn: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, Box 93, New York, NY 10032.

Author Contributions: Conception and design: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, L.J. Rubin, F.M. Wigley, S. Rich, R.J. Barst, P.S. Barrett, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, R.C. Bourge, C.G. Elliott, B.M. Groves.

Analysis and interpretation of the data: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, L.J. Rubin, F.M. Wigley, S. Rich, R.J. Barst, P.S. Barrett, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, R.C. Bourge, D. Langleben, J.C. Decker, K. Knobil.

Drafting of the article: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, F.M. Wigley, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, D. Langleben, T.A. Medsger, J.C. Decker, K. Knobil.

Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, F.M. Wigley, S. Rich, R.J. Barst, P.S. Barrett, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, J.E. Loyd, S. Murali, A.E. Frost, D. Ralph, C.G. Elliott, D. Langleben, T.A. Medsger, J.C. Decker, K. Knobil.

Final approval of the article: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, F.M. Wigley, S. Rich, R.J. Barst, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, J.E. Loyd, S. Murali, A.E. Frost, R.E. Girgis, R.C. Bourge, D. Ralph, C.G. Elliott, D. Langleben, J.C. Decker, K. Knobil.

Provision of study materials or patients: D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, L.J. Rubin, S. Rich, F.M. Wigley, R.J. Barst, J.E. Loyd, S. Murali, A.E. Frost, R.E. Girgis, R.C. Bourge, D. Ralph, C.G. Elliott, N.S. Hill, D. Langleben, R.J. Schilz, V.V. McLaughlin, I.M. Robbins, B.M. Groves, S. Shapiro, T.A. Medsger, S.P. Gaines, E. Horn.

Statistical expertise: K.M. Kral, J.C. Decker.

Obtaining of funding: D.B. Badesch, M.M. Jöbsis.

Administrative, technical, or logistic support: M.M. Jöbsis, T.A. Medsger.

Collection and assembly of data: M.D. McGoon, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, J.E. Loyd, R.E. Girgis, C.G. Elliott, I.M. Robbins, J.C. Decker.

Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(6):425-434. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00002

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Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance, often leading to right ventricular failure and death (1 - 3). Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol improves prognosis and symptoms in patients with primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypertension (4 - 8). Randomized, controlled clinical trials of epoprostenol for secondary pulmonary hypertension have not been conducted.

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Figure 1.

Epoprostenol dosing.

Numbers at the tops of the bars represent exact mean rates.

Grahic Jump Location

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Figure 2.

Median change from baseline in results of the 6-minute walk test at weeks 1, 6, and 12.striped barswhite barsPP

Nonparametric analysis of covariance with adjustment for 6-minute walk values and use of vasodilators at baseline showed that the median distance walked in 6 minutes increased in patients who received epoprostenol ( ) compared with patients who received conventional therapy ( ) at weeks 6 ( = 0.003) and 12 ( < 0.001).

Grahic Jump Location

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Figure 3.

Median changes from baseline in Borg Dyspnea Score (left) and Dyspnea-Fatigue Rating (right) for the conventional therapy group (white bars) and the epoprostenol group (striped bars).

A negative change from baseline (to a lower score) reflects an improvement in symptoms. Borg Dyspnea Scores improved (decreased) in the epoprostenol group and worsened (increased) in the conventional therapy group over 12 weeks. The Hodges-Lehmann estimate for the true treatment effect of epoprostenol compared with conventional therapy, based on the difference in change from baseline in the median Borg Dyspnea Score, was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.0) at week 1, 1.5 (CI, 1.0 to 2.5) at week 6, and 2.5 (CI, 1.5 to 3.5) at week 12. Dyspnea-Fatigue Ratings improved (increased) in the epoprostenol group and worsened (decreased) in the conventional therapy group over 12 weeks. The Hodges-Lehmann estimate for the true treatment effect of epoprostenol compared with conventional therapy, based on the difference in change from baseline in the median Dyspnea-Fatigue Rating, was 0.0 (CI, −1.0 to 0.0) at week 1, −2.0 (CI, −2.0 to −1.0) at week 6, and −2.0 (CI, −3.0 to −2.0) at week 12. Confidence intervals that do not contain 0 indicate statistical significance.

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Summary for Patients

The Efficacy of the Drug Epoprostenol in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Scleroderma

The summary below is from the full report titled “Continuous Intravenous Epoprostenol for Pulmonary Hypertension Due to the Scleroderma Spectrum of Disease. A Randomized, Controlled Trial.”. It is in the 21 March 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 425-433). The authors are D.B. Badesch, V.F. Tapson, M.D. McGoon, B.H. Brundage, L.J. Rubin, F.M. Wigley, S. Rich, R.J. Barst, P.S. Barrett, K.M. Kral, M.M. Jöbsis, J.E. Loyd, S. Murali, A. Frost, R. Girgis, R.C. Bourge, D.D. Ralph, C.G. Elliott, N.S. Hill, D. Langleben, R.J. Schilz, V.V. McLaughlin, I.M. Robbins, B.M. Groves, S. Shapiro, T.A. Medsger Jr., S.P. Gaine, E. Horn, J.C. Decker, and K. Knob.

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Continuous Intravenous Epoprostenol for Pulmonary Hypertension Due to the Scleroderma Spectrum of Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

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Epoprostenol dosing.

Median change from baseline in results of the 6-minute walk test at weeks 1, 6, and 12.striped barswhite barsPP

Median changes from baseline in Borg Dyspnea Score (left) and Dyspnea-Fatigue Rating (right) for the conventional therapy group (white bars) and the epoprostenol group (striped bars).

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