6 August 2002, Vol 137, No. 3>

Email

American College of Physicians

You must be logged in as an individual user to share content.

Copyright in the material you requested is held by American College Of Physicians (unless otherwise noted). This email ability is provided as a courtesy, and by using it you agree that that you are requesting the material solely for personal, non-commercial use, and that it is subject to ACP's Conditions of Use. The information provided in order to email this topic will not be used to send unsolicited email, nor will it be furnished to third parties. Please refer to American College Of Physicians's Privacy Policy for further information.

Copyright © American College Of Physicians. All rights reserved.
Share
Get Citation

Miia Kivipelto, Eeva-Liisa Helkala, Mikko P. Laakso, Tuomo Hänninen, Merja Hallikainen, Kari Alhainen, Susan Iivonen, Arto Mannermaa, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Aulikki Nissinen, Hilkka Soininen; Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele, Elevated Midlife Total Cholesterol Level, and High Midlife Systolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Late-Life Alzheimer Disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2002 Aug;137(3):149-155.

Download citation file:

RIS (Zotero)

EndNote

BibTex

Medlars

ProCite

RefWorks

Reference Manager

Copyright © 2013 The American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.
PDF

Articles | 6 August 2002

Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele, Elevated Midlife Total Cholesterol Level, and High Midlife Systolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Late-Life Alzheimer Disease

Miia Kivipelto, MD; Eeva-Liisa Helkala, PhD; Mikko P. Laakso, MD, PhD; Tuomo Hänninen, PhD; Merja Hallikainen, MD, PhD; Kari Alhainen, MD, PhD; Susan Iivonen, MS; Arto Mannermaa, PhD; Jaakko Tuomilehto, MD, PhD; Aulikki Nissinen, MD, PhD; and Hilkka Soininen, MD, PhD

[+] Article and Author Information

From University of Kuopio, and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu; and the National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Petra Mäkinen for technical help and Veli Koistinen, Veikko Jokela, and Pirjo Halonen for consultations in statistical analysis.

Grant Support: By the Academy of Finland (grants 37573, 63645, 48138, 48950) and by erityisvaltionosuus (EVO) (grant 477268).

Requests for Single Reprints: Miia Kivipelto, MD, University of Kuopio, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; e-mail, miia.kivipelto@uku.fi.

Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest: None disclosed.

Current Author Addresses: Drs. Kivipelto and Soininen: University of Kuopio, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Helkala: University of Kuopio, Department of Public Health and General Practice, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Laakso: Kuopio University Hospital, Departments of Clinical Radiology and Neurology, PO Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Hänninen: Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Neurology, PO Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Hallikainen: Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Building 4, PO Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Alhainen: Memory Research Centre, Torikatu 17, 80100 Joensuu, Finland.

Ms. Iivonen: University of Kuopio, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Dr. Mannermaa: Kuopio University Hospital, Chromosome and DNA Laboratory of the Division of Diagnostic Services, PO Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Drs. Tuomilehto and Nissinen: National Public Health Institute, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.

Author Contributions: Conception and design: M. Kivipelto, E.-L. Helkala, J. Tuomilehto, A. Nissinen, H. Soininen.

Analysis and interpretation of the data: M. Kivipelto, E.-L. Helkala, M.P. Laakso, J. Tuomilehto, A. Nissinen, H. Soininen.

Drafting of the article: M. Kivipelto, M.P. Laakso.

Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: M. Kivipelto, E.-L. Helkala, M.P. Laakso, T. Hänninen, M. Hallikainen, K. Alhainen, S. Iivonen, A. Mannermaa, J. Tuomilehto, A. Nissinen, H. Soininen.

Final approval of the article: M. Kivipelto, E.-L. Helkala, M.P. Laakso, T. Hänninen, M. Hallikainen, K. Alhainen, S. Iivonen, A. Mannermaa, J. Tuomilehto, A. Nissinen, H. Soininen.

Statistical expertise: M. Kivipelto, E.-L. Helkala.

Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(3):149-155. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00006

Text Size: A A A

Article

Tables

References

Summary for Patients

Comments

In our study, the association between the apoE ε4 allele and Alzheimer disease was not altered after adjustment for midlife total cholesterol level, midlife blood pressure, and late-life vascular disease. Similarly, the association of elevated midlife total cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure with late-life Alzheimer disease was not altered after adjustment for the apoE ε4 allele. These findings indicate that the apoE ε4 allele, high serum value for total cholesterol at midlife, and high systolic blood pressure at midlife are all independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. The risk was particularly high in participants who had all three risk factors. Furthermore, a history of myocardial infarction as of the late-life visit, which can typically result from having elevated total cholesterol level and high blood pressure, was associated with the risk for Alzheimer disease independent of the apoE ε4 allele.

Sign In

Forgot Your Password?

Buy This Article

to gain full access to the content and tools.

Want to Subscribe?

Learn more about subscription options

First Page Preview

View Large

Figures

Tables

References

Letters

NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).

Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.

All you need to read in the other general jounals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.

Comments

Please read the other comments before posting. Contributors must reveal any conflict of interest.
Comments are moderated and will appear on the site at the discretion of The American College of Physicians editorial staff. Please be sure your email address is updated in your account, otherwise the American College of Physicians will not be able to contact you about your comment.

* = Required Field

Comment Author(s)* (if multiple authors, separate names by comma)

Example: John Doe

Affiliation & Institution*

Disclosure of Any Conflicts of Interest* (applies to the past 5 years and foreseeable future) Indicate any potential conflicts of interest of each author below, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, speakers bureau, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents filed, received, or pending). If all authors have none, check "No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests" in the box below. Please also indicate any funding received in support of this work. The information will be posted with your response.

Please disclose any conflicts of interest or check the box below.

No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests

Comment Title*

Comment*

Get Audio Code

Submit Cancel

Submit a Comment

Summary for Patients

Advice from Primary Care Providers about Physical Activity: A Recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

The summary below is from the full reports titled “Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care To Promote Physical Activity: Recommendation and Rationale” and “Does Counseling by Clinicians Improve Physical Activity? A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.” They are in the 6 August 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 205-207 and pages 208-215). The first report was written by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; the second report was written by KB Eden, CT Orleans, CD Mulrow, NJ Pender, and SM Teutsch. The complete USPSTF recommendation and rationale statement and the complete information on which this statement is based are Available at http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov.

Clinical Slide Sets

Terms of Use

The In the Clinic® slide sets are owned and copyrighted by the American College of Physicians (ACP). All text, graphics, trademarks, and other intellectual property incorporated into the slide sets remain the sole and exclusive property of the ACP. The slide sets may be used only by the person who downloads or purchases them and only for the purpose of presenting them during not-for-profit educational activities. Users may incorporate the entire slide set or selected individual slides into their own teaching presentations but may not alter the content of the slides in any way or remove the ACP copyright notice. Users may make print copies for use as hand-outs for the audience the user is personally addressing but may not otherwise reproduce or distribute the slides by any means or media, including but not limited to sending them as e-mail attachments, posting them on Internet or Intranet sites, publishing them in meeting proceedings, or making them available for sale or distribution in any unauthorized form, without the express written permission of the ACP. Unauthorized use of the In the Clinic slide sets will constitute copyright infringement.

Toolkit

Sign In

Forgot Your Password?

Buy This Article

to gain full access to the content and tools.

Want to Subscribe?

Learn more about subscription options

Annals of Internal Medicine

Other Resources

Content

Information For

Services

Awards

Follow Annals On

Sign In

Forgot Your Password?

Buy This Article

to gain full access to the content and tools.

Want to Subscribe?

Learn more about subscription options

Forgot your password?

Enter your username and email address. We'll send you a reminder to the email address on record.

Username* (Required)

Email Address* (Required)

Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele, Elevated Midlife Total Cholesterol Level, and High Midlife Systolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Late-Life Alzheimer Disease

Topics

Sign In

Buy This Article

Want to Subscribe?

First Page Preview

Figures

Tables

References

Letters

Comments

Summary for Patients

Clinical Slide Sets

Toolkit

Sign In

Buy This Article

Want to Subscribe?

Related Content

Annals of Internal Medicine

Other Resources

Content

Information For

Services

Awards

Follow Annals On

Sign In

Buy This Article

Want to Subscribe?