In October 2003, I issued a Notice of Retraction (1) for an article by Eric Poehlman (2). I was acting on a letter from the provost of the University of Vermont describing the outcome of the university's investigation of allegations of fraudulent conduct of research. This investigation found that Dr. Poehlman had published fabricated data in Annals of Internal Medicine and 2 other journals. At the time, Dr. Poehlman claimed that he had not published fabricated data, but I felt that the University of Vermont findings were enough to warrant retraction. Subsequently, the Office of Research Integrity of the National Institutes of Health conducted an investigation that corroborated the earlier investigation and found that Dr. Poehlman had also included fabricated data in several federal grant proposals. As part of a negotiated settlement of criminal charges related to the fraudulent grant proposals, Dr. Poehlman wrote a letter in which he stated that he had fabricated the data in his 1995 Annals article. His letter, which appears here, shows beyond any possible doubt that the findings in the Annals article are deceptive and false.