We identified 2821 patients who met all inclusion criteria; of whom, 1822 (64.6%) received efavirenz-based regimens and 999 (35.4%) received nevirapine-based regimens. The mean age at HAART initiation was 37.0 years (SD, 7.8), 1775 patients (62.9%) were women, and 2734 patients (96.9%) were black Africans (Table 1). The median follow-up period was 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.7 to 2.7 years), and the median frequency of viral load measurement was 1.2 measurements per year (interquartile range, 0.7 to 1.7 measurements per year). For viral load measurements less than 400 copies/mL (5513 [75.6%] of 7290 total measurements), 65.9% were recorded as less than 50 copies/mL, 22.1% as less than 400 copies/mL, and 11.9% as between 50 and 400 copies/mL. The median CD4+ T-cell counts at HAART initiation for men and women were 0.130 × 109 cells/L (interquartile range, 0.56 to 0.211 × 109 cells/L) and 0.157 × 109 cells/L (interquartile range, 0.69 to 0.236 × 109 cells/L), respectively (P = 0.002). The median HIV-1 RNA levels at HAART initiation for men and women were 5.1 log10 copies/mL (interquartile range, 4.6 to 5.6 log10 copies/mL) and 5.2 log10 copies/mL (interquartile range, 4.7 to 5.6 log10 copies/mL), respectively (P = 0.184).