Correction: The Accessibility of Firearms and Risk for Suicide and Homicide Victimization Among Household Members

doi:10.7326/L14-5009-13

A recent review (1) had the following errors:

Page 101, abstract, Data Synthesis section, fourth sentence: “Data were pooled from 16 [not 15] observational studies that assessed the odds of suicide or homicide, yielding pooled ORs of 3.24 (95% CI, 2.41 to 4.40) and 2.00 (CI, 1.56 to 3.02) [not 1.94 (CI, 1.44 to 2.93)], respectively.”

Page 102, Table 1: A row was added to the end of the table with “Branas et al, 2009 (48)” in the first column, “4” in the second column, “2” in the third column, and “3” in the fourth column.

Page 102, right column, final sentence on page: “Overall, 16 [not 15] observational studies met our inclusion criteria.”

Page 103, left column, first sentence of first full paragraph: “Fourteen of the included studies estimated the odds of suicide in the context of firearm accessibility (6–8, 10, 16–25), and 6 [not 5] studies estimated the odds of homicide victimization in this context (9, 10, 22–24, 48 [added]).”; Demographic Characteristics section: “Persons who completed suicide (mean, 75% [range, 70% to 85%]) (6–8, 10, 16–21, 23) and homicide victims (mean, 79% [range, 63% to 92% [not 84%]]) (9, 10, 23, 48 [added]) were more commonly men. Most persons who completed suicide were white (range, 78% to 98%) (6, 8, 10, 16–19, 21, 23, 26), whereas most homicide victims were non-Hispanic black or another race (range, 47% to 88% [not 62%]) (9, 10, 23, 48 [added]). All studies of outcomes of homicide victimization were among adults only (9, 10, 22–24, 48 [added]).

Page 103, Figure 1: “(n=58)” [not 59] in bottom right box; “(n=16)” [not 15] in bottom middle box.

Page 103, right column, first two sentences of Studies of Homicide Victimization section: “Three of 6 [not 5] studies (50.0% [not 60.0%]) interviewed proxies to determine firearm accessibility in the home of decedents or control participants (Table 1) (9, 10, (23). Two studies (33.3% [not 40.0%]) used firearm purchase records to determine firearm accessibility of decedents or control participants (22, 24).”; fourth sentence of same section: “Four studies (66.7% [not 80.0%]) defined homicide victimization as intentional death by any means. ... ”

Page 104, Table 2: a row was added to the end of the table with “Branas et al, 2009 (48)” in the first column, “Adults” in the second column, “Pennsylvania” in the third column, “Firearm-only cases” in the fourth column, “Consecutively reported” in the fifth column, “Community control participants” in the sixth column, “8.8” in the seventh column, and “7.9” in the eighth column.

Page 105, left column, second complete sentence: “In the 5 [not 4] case–control studies with homicide outcomes, various types of control participants were identified, including community or school control participants (40.0% [not 25.0%]) (9, 48 [added]), nonhomicide decedents (40.0% [not 50.0%]) (10, 24), or living HMObased control participants (20.0% [not 25.0%]) (22).”; first sentence of Exposure section: “Eleven of 14 studies of suicide and 2 of 6 [not 5] studies of homicide. ... ”

Page 105, right column, Homicide Outcomes section: “We also pooled data from 6 [not 5] studies that assessed the odds of homicide (9, 10, 22–24, 48 [added]) and, using a random-effects model, estimated a pooled OR of 2.00 (CI, 1.56 to 3.02) [not 1.94 (CI, 1.44 to 2.93)] with substantial heterogeneity (I²=63% [not 66%]; τ=0.22 [not 0.21]) (Figure 2). All studies found significantly higher odds of homicide victimization among participants who had access to a firearm than among those who did not, with ORs ranging from 1.41 to 3.54 [not 2.70].”; second sentence of Discussion: “All but 1 of the 16 [not 15] studies identified in this review reported significantly increased odds of death associated with firearm access.”; third sentence of Discussion: “ ... when persons with and without access to firearms were compared (OR, 2.00 [CI, 1.56 to 3.02] [not 1.94 [CI, 1.44 to 2.93]).”

Page 106, Figure 2: the study by Branas and colleagues was added to the Homicide Studies forest plot.

Page 107, Figure 3: in the Homicide Studies forest plot, changes were made to the data in the “Men,” “1997–2013,” “Not only in home,” “Moderate/low risk of bias,” and “Pooled estimate” rows.

Page 108, left column, second full paragraph, second sentence: “ ... we found that 63% [not 60%] of all studies (n=10 [not 9]) were published from 1997 to 2013 compared with 37% [not 40%] published before 1997.”; third full paragraph, third sentence: “ ... the pooled OR was 2.36 (CI, 1.86 to 3.01) [not 2.31 (CI, 1.81 to 2.96)], which is 18% [not 19%] higher than the pooled OR that included all studies ... .”

Page 108, right column, first full paragraph, fourth sentence: “ ... proxies were interviewed in 79% of studies evaluating suicide outcomes and 50% [not 60%] evaluating homicide outcomes.”; second full paragraph, third sentence: “ ... the pooled ORs changed from 3.24 to 3.32 for suicide and from 1.94 to 1.65 [not 1.63] for homicide.”

Page 109, left column, first partial paragraph, last sentence: “ ... although the proportion of homicides in which firearms was used ranged from 50% to 100% [not 76%] (9, 10, 22–24, 48 [added]).”; second full paragraph, fourth sentence: “In contrast, the pooled OR for homicide in the random-effects meta-analyses with firearm purchase data was 29.9% [not 27.6%] higher than the pooled OR (fixed-effects) without these studies (2.00 [not 1.94] and 1.54 [not 1.52], respectively), ... ”

Appendix, first sentence of Disposition of Excluded Studies After Full-Text Review section: “ ... , 1 [not 2] estimated only the victimization rates (nonfatal) of firearm owners (76) [not (48, 76)],. . .”; second sentence of same section: “Overall, 16 [not 15] observational studies met our inclusion criteria.”

This has been corrected in the online version.

References

Anglemyer
A
,
Horvath
T
,
Rutherford
G
.
The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med
2014
160
101
10
PubMed
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Corrections |6 May 2014

Correction: The Accessibility of Firearms and Risk for Suicide and Homicide Victimization Among Household Members Free

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Corrections |6 May 2014

Correction: The Accessibility of Firearms and Risk for Suicide and Homicide Victimization Among Household Members Free

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